{"id":4925,"date":"2020-07-20T16:19:06","date_gmt":"2020-07-20T08:19:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.madewill.com\/?p=4925"},"modified":"2020-08-19T10:58:57","modified_gmt":"2020-08-19T02:58:57","slug":"james-g-march","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.madewill.com\/the-munger-way\/james-g-march.html","title":{"rendered":"\u8d70\u8fdb\u5927\u5e08\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u9a6c\u5947\u2014\u2014\u4f55\u5176\u6709\u5e78\uff0c\u4f60\u6211\u66fe\u4e0e\u4f1f\u5927\u540c\u5904\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4e2a\u8001\u5e08\u3002\u8001\u5e08\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u5728\u4e8e\u5b66\u751f\u7406\u89e3\u5e76\u5360\u6709\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5e76\u89c6\u4e3a\u5df1\u51fa\u3002\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u662f\u5b9d\u77f3\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u53ea\u662f\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u78e8\u5149\u4e00\u70b9\u70b9\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u88ab\u5fd8\u8bb0\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u9a6c\u5947<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2018\u5e749\u670827\u65e5\uff0c\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u9a6c\u5947\uff08James G. March\uff09\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u4eab\u5e74\u4e5d\u5341\u5c81\u3002\u4e16\u95f4\u4ece\u6b64\u5c11\u4e86\u4e00\u4f4d\u5927\u5e08\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\u7ba1\u7406\u5927\u5e08\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u9a6c\u5947\"
\u7ba1\u7406\u5927\u5e08\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u9a6c\u5947<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

01\u4f4e\u8c03\u7684\u4f20\u5947\uff1a\u4e00\u5c0a\u4ee4\u4eba\u4ef0\u671b\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u4e30\u7891<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

1928\u5e741\u670815\u65e5\uff0c\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u9a6c\u5947\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u4fc4\u4ea5\u4fc4\u5dde\u7684\u514b\u5229\u592b\u5170\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u5728\u5a01\u65af\u5eb7\u661f\u5dde\u957f\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5b69\u63d0\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u9a6c\u5947\u6210\u957f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5144\u5f1f\u59d0\u59b9\u90fd\u5f88\u806a\u660e\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u3002\u4ece\u5c0f\uff0c\u7236\u4eb2\u6559\u80b2\u4e00\u5bb6\u5144\u59b9\u300c\u4e0d\u8981\u81ea\u4ee5\u4e3a\u9ad8\u4eba\u4e00\u7b49\u300d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u539f\u5219\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u9a6c\u5947\u94ed\u8bb0\u5728\u5fc3\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e\u6b64\u540e\u8df5\u884c\u4e8e\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u6559\u4e66\u80b2\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1949\u5e74\uff0c21\u5c81\u7684\u9a6c\u5947\u5728\u5a01\u65af\u5eb7\u661f\u5927\u5b66\u83b7\u5f97\u6587\u5b66\u5b66\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\uff0c\u987a\u5229\u53d6\u5f97\u8036\u9c81\u5927\u5b66\u6587\u5b66\u7855\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1953\u5e74\uff0c\u9a6c\u5947\u83b7\u5f97\u8036\u9c81\u5927\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002\u535a\u58eb\u6bd5\u4e1a\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u524d\u5f80\u5361\u5185\u57fa\u6885\u9686\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u62c5\u4efb\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e0e\u5de5\u4e1a\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u52a9\u7406\u6559\u6388\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u9a6c\u5947\u4e0e\u77e5\u540d\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u51b3\u7b56\u7406\u8bba\u5927\u5e08\u8d6b\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u897f\u8499\uff08Herbert A.Simon\uff0c1916\uff5e2001\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u4f4d\u7ba1\u7406\u9886\u57df\u7684\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5956\u83b7\u5f97\u8005\uff09\u7ed3\u4e0b\u4e86\u6df1\u539a\u53cb\u8c0a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1958\u5e74\uff0c\u9a6c\u5947\u4e0e\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\u7684\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u5929\u624d\uff0c\u56fe\u7075\u5956\u4e0e\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5956\u53cc\u5f97\u4e3b\u897f\u8499\u5408\u8457\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u7ecf\u5178\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u300b\uff08Organizations\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f5c\u4e3a\u51b3\u7b56\u7406\u8bba\u5b66\u6d3e\u7684\u4e24\u4f4d\u5927\u5e08\uff0c\u8be5\u4e66\u4e5f\u662f\u9a6c\u5947\u548c\u897f\u8499\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u5408\u8457\u3002\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u7684\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u5ba3\u544a\u4e86\u300c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u300d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u7684\u8bde\u751f\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u540e\u7684\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u5907\u53d7\u5173\u6ce8\u548c\u5f15\u8ff0\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ba1\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u4e4b\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1963\u5e74\uff0c\u9a6c\u5947\u6559\u6388\u4e0e\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u00b7\u897f\u5c14\u7279\u5408\u8457\u300a\u4f01\u4e1a\u884c\u4e3a\u7406\u8bba\u300b\uff08A Behavioral Theory of the Firm\uff09\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u8fc5\u901f\u5f15\u53d1\u5b66\u754c\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u88ab\u5949\u4e3a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u9a6c\u5947\u667a\u6167\"
\u9a6c\u5947\u667a\u6167<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1964\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u79bb\u5f00\u5361\u5185\u57fa\u6885\u9686\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u6574\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1970\u5e74\uff0c\u9a6c\u5947\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\uff08Stanford University\uff09\u4efb\u6559\uff0c\u76f4\u52301995\u5e74\u8363\u8a89\u9000\u4f11\u3002
\u5728\u65af\u5766\u798f\u6267\u6559\u768425\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u9a6c\u5947\u4e0d\u4ec5\u62c5\u4efb\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u8fd8\u517c\u4efb\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u662f\u540d\u526f\u5176\u5b9e\u7684\u300c\u591a\u9886\u57df\u5927\u5e08\u300d\uff08professor of everything \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1972\u5e74\uff0c\u9a6c\u5947\u4e0e\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u00b7\u79d1\u6069\u3001\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u5965\u5c14\u68ee\u63d0\u51fa\u8457\u540d\u7684\u201c\u5783\u573e\u6876\u51b3\u7b56\u6a21\u578b\u201d\uff08The Garbage Can Model\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6a21\u578b\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u4e0d\u7ba1\u95ee\u9898\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4f55\u65f6\u4f55\u5730\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u90fd\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u6765\u5b9e\u65bd\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e9\u5df2\u9009\u5b9a\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u5236\u5b9a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1984\u5e74\uff0c\u56e0\u5bf9\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u7a81\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u9a6c\u5947\u6559\u6388\u83b7\u5f97\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u4f1a\u5956\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1994\u5e74\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8fd1\u534a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u601d\u8003\u548c\u915d\u917f\uff0c\u9a6c\u5947\u5148\u751f\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u300a\u51b3\u7b56\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u4ece\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u6df1\u523b\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8be5\u4e66\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4ed6\u4e0e\u897f\u8499\u5960\u57fa\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u300c\u6709\u9650\u7406\u6027\u300d\u6d41\u6d3e\uff0c\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u4eca\u65e5\u884c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4ed6\u4e3a\u4e66\u4e2d\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4f50\u4ee5\u5927\u91cf\u8da3\u5473\u751f\u52a8\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u65e2\u4fbf\u4e8e\u8bfb\u8005\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u8fd0\u7528\uff0c\u53c8\u4e3a\u52e4\u4e8e\u601d\u8003\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u5e26\u53bb\u65e0\u5c3d\u7684\u542f\u8fea\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1995\u5e74\uff0c67\u5c81\u7684\u9a6c\u5947\u6559\u6388\u5728\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u5149\u8363\u9000\u4f11\uff0c\u56e0\u5176\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u6c83\u5c14\u7279\u5956\u3002\u56db\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u518d\u6b21\u83b7\u9881\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u4f1a\u6770\u51fa\u5b66\u8005\u5956\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2005\u5e74\uff0c\u300a\u8bba\u9886\u5bfc\u529b\u300b\uff08On Leadership\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u6e90\u4e8e\u9a6c\u5947\u5728\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u5546\u5b66\u9662\u5f00\u8bbe\u4e8615\u5e74\u7684”\u7ec4\u7ec7\u9886\u5bfc\u529b”\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u80dc\u4efb\u529b\u3001\u4e3b\u52a8\u6027\u3001\u8ba4\u540c\u611f\u3001\u534f\u8c03\u529b<\/strong>\u662f\u9886\u5bfc\u529b\u7684\u56db\u5927\u6838\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u5927\u5e08\u9a6c\u5947\"
\u5927\u5e08\u9a6c\u5947<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\"James
James G. March, 1928\u20132018. Courtesy of Stanford GSB<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

02\u5728\u65af\u5766\u798f\u8bb2\u9886\u5bfc\u529b\u7684\u8bd7\u4eba<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

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03\u9876\u7ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u5927\u5e08-\u6734\u7d20\u7684\u6559\u5e08<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

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\u867d\u88ab\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u754c\u8a89\u4e3a\u201c\u5fb7\u9c81\u514b\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9876\u7ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u5927\u5e08\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u672c\u4eba\u5e76\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u88ab\u4eba\u79f0\u4f5c\u5927\u5e08\u3002\u4ed6\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\u662f\u2014\u2014\u6559\u5e08\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2003\u5e74\uff0c\u4e24\u4f4d\u7ba1\u7406\u54a8\u8be2\u5e08\u7f57\u4f26\u65af\u00b7\u666e\u8d5b\u514b\uff08Laurence Prusak\uff09\u4e0e\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u6234\u6587\u6ce2\u7279\uff08Thomas H. Davenport\uff09\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u8c03\u67e5\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4f01\u4e1aCEO\u5e38\u5e38\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5927\u5e08\u540d\u8a00\u3002\u7136\u540e\u6574\u7406\u51fa\u4e00\u4efd\u7ba1\u7406\u5927\u5e08\u6e05\u5355\uff0c\u8be2\u95ee\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77e5\u540d\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5927\u5e08\uff0c\u8c01\u662f\u4f60\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u5e08\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u6392\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u7684\u662f\u5fb7\u9c81\u514b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4f4d\u662f\u9a6c\u5947\u597d\u53cb\u897f\u8499\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\u4f4d\u6b63\u662f\u9a6c\u5947\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u6309\u7167\u4e16\u4fd7\u63a8\u8bba\uff0c\u9a6c\u5947\u4ece\u4e8b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u9a6c\u5947\u7406\u5e94\u540d\u5229\u53cc\u6536\u3002\u4f46\u51fa\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u610f\u6599\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9a6c\u5947\u62d2\u7edd\u62c5\u4efb\u4efb\u4f55\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u987e\u95ee\u3002\u5e73\u751f\u53ea\u4ee5\u79c1\u4eba\u8eab\u4efd\u7ed9\u5f53\u65f6\u8eab\u4e3a\u82b1\u65d7\u94f6\u884c\u603b\u88c1\u7684\u597d\u53cb\u652f\u62db\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u5927\u5b66\u53ea\u662f\u5076\u7136\u7684\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u66f4\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u795e\u6bbf\u2014\u2014\u4f9b\u5949\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u6c42\u77e5\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u795e\u6bbf\u3002\u5728\u5927\u5b66\u91cc\uff0c\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u5b66\u95ee\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u53d7\u5230\u5c0a\u91cd\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u9020\u798f\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u8c61\u5f81\u3001\u627f\u8f7d\u5e76\u4f20\u9012\u7740\u6709\u5173\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u3002
\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u662f\u8fdc\u89c1\u5353\u8bc6\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u7cbe\u6253\u7ec6\u7b97\uff1b\u662f\u627f\u8bfa\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u9009\u62e9\uff1b\u5b66\u751f\u4e0d\u662f\u987e\u5ba2\uff0c\u662f\u4f8d\u50e7\uff1b\u6559\u5b66\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u662f\u5723\u4e8b\uff1b\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u662f\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u662f\u89c1\u8bc1\u3002<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u9a6c\u5947\u4e0e\u7231\u4ebaJayne \u53ae\u5b88\u4e00\u751f\uff0c\u4e24\u4eba\u4e8c\u5341\u5c81\u65f6\u7ed3\u5a5a\uff0c\u751f\u80b2\u56db\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u7eb3\u535a\u79d1\u592b\u5c06\u4e00\u751f\u6240\u6709\u8457\u4f5c\u90fd\u732e\u7ed9\u8587\u5b89\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u9a6c\u5947\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e5d\u672c\u8bd7\u96c6\u90fd\u732e\u7ed9\u4e86Jayne \u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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8\u670828\u65e5\uff0cJayne \u4e0d\u5e78\u79bb\u4e16\u3002\u800c\u9a6c\u5947\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708\u540e\u540c\u6837\u4e0d\u5e78\u79bb\u4e16\u3002\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u5c81\u6708\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u76f8\u6fe1\u4ee5\u6cab\uff0c\u76f8\u656c\u5982\u5bbe\uff0c\u867d\u4e0d\u80fd\u540c\u751f\uff0c\u633d\u624b\u81f3\u7ec8\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u5927\u5e08\u9a6c\u5947\"
\u5927\u5e08\u9a6c\u5947<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u9a6c\u5947\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e00\u751f\uff0c\u8be0\u91ca\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u4fe1\u4efb\u3001\u7231\u4e0e\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u751f\u631a\u53cb\u897f\u8499<\/a>\u53bb\u4e16\u540e\uff0c\u9a6c\u5947\u4ee3\u8868\u897f\u8499\u7684\u5bb6\u4eba\u3001\u5e08\u53cb\uff0c\u4e3b\u7f16\u7eaa\u5ff5\u6587\u96c6\u2014\u2014\u300a\u90a3\u4f4d\u4e00\u751f\u8ffd\u5bfb\u4eba\u7c7b\u667a\u6167\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u7537\u4eba\u300b\uff08Models of A Man\uff09\uff0c\u4e3a20\u4e16\u7eaa\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u901a\u624d\u9001\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u4e00\u4ee3\u601d\u60f3\u4e30\u7891\u7684\u300c\u8bd7\u610f\u300d\u4eba\u751f\u5b9a\u683c\u4e8e\u6b64\u3002
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Success<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

No one needs him
after he\u2019s gone.
No one who stays
depends on him,
if he has done it right;
No one asks
why flowers grow,
or how a summer ends,
or notices long
that he has gone,
quietly into the dark.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

March, James G. 1980.
Pleasures of the Process.
London: Poets\u2019 & Painters\u2019 Press. (p. 98)
\u81f4\u656c\u6c38\u8fdc\u7684\u5927\u5e08\uff0c\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u9a6c\u5947\uff01R.I.P<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u300a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u7586\u754c\u300b\u4e1c\u65b9\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2017\u5e747\u6708
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\"\u8292\u683c\u5b66\u9662\"
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